Eigenvalues and energy functionals with monotonicity formulae under Ricci flow

Abstract. In this note, we construct families of functionals of the type of F-functional and W-functional of Perelman. We prove that these new functionals are nondecreasing under the Ricci flow. As applications, we give a proof of the theorem that compact steady Ricci breathers must be Ricci-flat. Using these new functionals, we also give a new proof of Perelman’s no non-trivial expanding breather theorem. Furthermore, we prove that compact expanding Ricci breathers must be Einstein by a direct method. In this note, we also extend Cao’s methods of eigenvalues[1] and improve their results.